Understanding metabolism and how it affects weight loss part 1

To sustain life, cells undergo intricate chemical reactions called metabolism. In weight reduction, energy expenditure refers to the body's calorie burn to breathe, and support physical activity.

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1. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): – BMR represents the number of calories the body needs at rest to maintain basic physiological functions. It accounts for the largest portion of daily energy expenditure (60-75%).

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Factors influencing BMR include age, gender, body composition, and genetics. Muscle tissue burns more calories at rest than fat tissue, so individuals with higher muscle mass tend to have a higher BMR.

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2. Physical Activity: – Physical activity, including exercise and daily activities, contributes significantly to total energy expenditure.

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Regular exercise, especially strength training, can increase muscle mass and boost metabolism, both during activity and at rest.

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3. Thermic Effect of Food (TEF): – TEF refers to the energy expended during the digestion, absorption, and storage of food. Different macronutrients have varying thermic effects.

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Protein has a higher thermic effect compared to carbohydrates and fats, meaning it requires more energy to be processed by the body.

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4. Hormones and Metabolism: – Hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolism. Thyroid hormones, such as T3 and T4, influence BMR. Insulin and cortisol also affect how the body uses and stores energy.

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Hormonal imbalances, often associated with conditions like hypothyroidism or insulin resistance, can impact metabolism and contribute to weight-related issues.

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