Obesity affects many organ systems and increases the risk of many diseases. Obesity has several major health effects:
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Cardiovascular Diseases: Heart failure, stroke, and coronary artery disease are all linked to obesity. Weight increases heart and blood vessel strain, causing hypertension and high cholesterol.
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Type 2 Diabetes: Obesity significantly links to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Excess abdominal fat causes metabolic dysfunction and glucose control issues.
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Respiratory Issues: Sleep apnea and obesity hypoventilation syndrome can result from obesity. Fat around the neck and chest can limit airway function, making breathing harder.
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Joint Problems: The excess weight places increased stress on the joints, particularly in the knees, hips, and lower back. This can contribute to the development of osteoarthritis and chronic joint pain.
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Cancers: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of certain cancers, including breast, colorectal, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. The exact mechanisms linking obesity to cancer are complex and multifactorial.
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Liver Disease: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is more common in individuals with obesity. The accumulation of fat in the liver can lead to inflammation, fibrosis, and, in severe cases, cirrhosis.
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Gastrointestinal Disorders: Obesity is a risk factor for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other digestive disorders. It can also contribute to the development of gallstones.
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