Weight loss involves many physiological and metabolic aspects. An overview of significant points:
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1. Caloric Balance: – Energy Intake vs. Energy Expenditure: Weight loss ultimately comes down to creating a caloric deficit, where the calories burned exceed the calories consumed.
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Dietary Changes: Consuming fewer calories than the body needs forces it to use stored energy, leading to weight loss.
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2. Metabolism: – Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): BMR is the number of calories needed to breathe and make cells at rest. A large amount of daily energy expenditure goes to it.
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Thermic Effect of Food (TEF): The energy expended in digesting, absorbing, and metabolizing nutrients from food.
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Physical Activity: Both intentional exercise and non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) contribute to total energy expenditure.
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3. Hormonal Regulation: – Insulin: A hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Lowering insulin levels can promote fat breakdown and weight loss.
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Leptin and Ghrelin: These hormones influence hunger and satiety. Leptin signals fullness, while ghrelin stimulates appetite. Weight loss can alter their levels, affecting hunger and cravings.
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